A glimpse of China's automotive manufacturing capacity and structural design fro
1、 The Manufacturing Capability of Chinese Automotive Industry Enterprises
In terms of production scale, China's automobile manufacturing enterprises are gradually approaching the economic scale of automobile industry enterprises. However, labor productivity is still relatively low. In 2002, the labor productivity of Dongfeng Motor Corporation was 3 vehicles per capita, while in 1993, the per capita production of major automobile companies in the world was 24.75 vehicles for Chrysler, 18.33 vehicles for Ford, 10.38 vehicles for General Motors, and 32.93 vehicles for Toyota. The lower productivity offsets the advantage of low-cost labor in China's automotive industry.
China's automobile industry enterprises are making efforts to digest and absorb imported technologies, and to improve the localization of imported vehicle models. A considerable number of imported car models had a localization rate of around 40% when they were first introduced to the market. In the 1980s, the domestication rate of an imported car model increased from 40% to%, which took 7-8 years, but now it only takes 3-4 years. The component matching capability of China's automobile industry enterprises has been greatly improved. In the manufacturing of low - and medium value added automotive parts, due to the entry of more private enterprises, the ability to respond to the market is also increasing.
Due to the joint ventures between Chinese automobile industry enterprises and large automobile companies, the level of process equipment in the main production and manufacturing processes has been greatly improved in major automobile production plants. A considerable number of joint venture production line equipment is introduced according to the production standards of multinational corporations. Some companies have also introduced flexible welding production lines. Due to the fact that joint ventures need to organize production according to the requirements of multinational corporations and enter the management and quality monitoring system of multinational corporations, Chinese automotive companies are gradually aligning their product levels, key equipment for quality, processes, management systems, and other aspects.
2、 Design of brake pedal in China
With the development of the automotive industry and the advancement of manufacturing technology, people's requirements for the ride comfort and comfort of cars are becoming increasingly high. In the overall layout design stage of passenger cars, in order to minimize driver fatigue, it is very important to set reasonable vehicle parameters and pedal devices through ergonomics analysis, and thus establish a reasonable driving posture.
The main factor causing driver fatigue during vehicle operation is frequent stepping on pedal devices, including accelerator pedals, brake pedals, and clutch pedals. Therefore, when designing and arranging the pedal device, it is necessary to fully combine the key points of ergonomics and set a reasonable pedal bracket; Layout, convenient for driver operation, and can prevent driver's misoperation.
Among them, the brake pedal device is one of the important security components of the vehicle braking system, and the design of the brake pedal directly affects the driving performance. The reasonable design and arrangement of brake pedals are of great significance in reducing driver fatigue and improving ride comfort.
3、 Structure and classification of brake pedals
The brake pedal is mainly composed of pedal swing arm, pedal bracket, pedal surface, return spring, brake light switch, bolt and nut fasteners and other components.
According to different classification methods, pedal types also vary. According to the parameter classification of pedal ratio, there are fixed pedal ratio and variable pedal ratio forms. According to the cross-sectional form of the pedal swing arm, there are thick plate type and hollow type. According to the material type of the pedal swing arm, there are aluminum alloy type, resin type, and ordinary stamped steel plate type.
The regulations and industry standards related to brake pedals have made provisions for pedal force, pedal stroke, and layout clearance. For specific reference, please refer to "GB7258 Technical Conditions for Motor Vehicle Operation", "GB21670 Technical Requirements and Test Methods for Passenger Car Braking Systems", "GB/T17346 Sedans - Lateral Spacing of Pedal Pedals", "QC/T788 Performance Requirements and Bench Test Methods for Automotive Pedal Devices", etc.
4、 The market operation capability of China's automobile industry enterprises
With China's accession to the WTO, various enterprises have increased their promotional efforts. In 2001, the sales expenses of the entire automotive industry grew at a rate nearly 20 percentage points higher than the sales revenue. The construction of sales and maintenance systems in Chinese automobile enterprises is also accelerating. China's major automobile manufacturers have already established relatively complete sales systems. However, compared with large automobile companies, the sales and service of Chinese automobile enterprises are still relatively backward. The credit, finance, insurance, and leasing industries that have developed around automobile sales are already considerable, and developed large automobile groups have strong capabilities in these areas, while Chinese automobile enterprises are just starting to develop in these areas. So far, the distribution and after-sales service of automobiles, including maintenance, automobile market, automobile leasing, sales and other means, are relatively single, and the financing sales method of automobile installment payment has not yet been developed.
The production and sales of many cars in China are disconnected from after-sales service. The relationship between some manufacturers and their dealers is not a community of shared interests, but rather a transfer of market risks to dealers. Dealers mainly rely on year-end rebates and rewards given by manufacturers based on sales volume, as well as corresponding services such as decoration, beauty, insurance, etc. for new car sales. Chinese car dealers often only focus on the construction of sales outlets and business halls, and invest relatively less in maintenance services. The functions of agent distribution outlets are single, and many automobile manufacturers have to rebuild another set of repair stations and repair parts trading networks. The separation of dealer sales function and maintenance service function directly affects the expansion of market share for automobile production enterprises.
5、 Changes in China's automobile market
The speed of launching new products into the market is accelerating, and the emission requirements for products are becoming increasingly strict. Beijing has implemented the Euro 2 emission standard and also reduced the consumption tax by 30% on cars, off-road vehicles, and small buses that meet the Euro 2 emission standard. Due to the increasing demand for automotive product technology from the perspectives of environmental protection and sustainable development, the technological level of automotive products in China's automotive market continues to improve. In the 1980s, multinational corporations were lagging behind the market by 2-3 generations when they acquired products from China. Now, they need to produce products that are synchronized with the market. The competition in China's automobile market is becoming increasingly fierce, mainly manifested in sedans. Private enterprises in our country are accelerating their entry into the sedan industry. Multinational corporations entered China's sedan industry on a large scale in 2002, and competition among multinational corporations has become increasingly fierce.
